The world is seeking to reduce its carbon footprint and limit the effects of climate change, leading to a major transition in the global energy sector. The shift towards renewable energy sources is gaining momentum, and green hydrogen is playing a key role in this transition. Companies are producing green hydrogen using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, making it a clean and sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. This article will explore the latest developments in green hydrogen production technologies and how they are revolutionizing the energy landscape.

The Role of Green Hydrogen in the Energy Transition

As the world seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and limit the effects of climate change, people are increasingly viewing clean hydrogen as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Green hydrogen is seen as a key enabler of the energy transition because it can power a range of applications, including transportation, industrial processes, and power generation. Clean hydrogen produces no harmful emissions, making it a clean and sustainable energy source, unlike traditional fossil fuels.

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Green Hydrogen vs Traditional Fossil Fuels

The clean and sustainable nature of green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, provides one of the key advantages over traditional fossil fuels. While fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are non-renewable resources that emit harmful emissions when burned, clean hydrogen has the potential to provide a clean and sustainable alternative. Moreover, clean hydrogen is versatile and can power various applications, including transportation, industrial processes, and power generation. In contrast, fossil fuels are less versatile, primarily used for transportation and power generation.

Production Techniques

Several techniques are used to produce green hydrogen, including electrolysis, biomass gasification, and photobiological processes. The predominat method for producing clean hydrogen is electrolysis, which involves passing an electric current through water to separate it into hydrogen and oxygen. Heating organic materials such as wood chips or agricultural waste produces a gas that can be converted into hydrogen in the process of biomass gasification. Photobiological processes utilize algae or other microorganisms to produce hydrogen through photosynthesis.

Latest Advances

Advancements in green hydrogen production technologies are driving down the cost of producing hydrogen, making it more competitive with fossil fuels. One of the key areas of research is reducing the cost of electrolysis, which is currently the most widely used method for producing clean hydrogen. Researchers are exploring new materials and catalysts that can improve the efficiency of electrolysis and reduce the cost of production.

Another area of research is using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to produce green hydrogen. As the cost of renewable energy goes down, the cost of production will decline too, making it more competitive with fossil fuels.

Green Hydrogen Applications in Various Industries

Sustainably produced hydrogen finds wide applications in various industries, including transportation, industrial processes, and power generation. within the transportation sector. It can also power fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which emit no harmful substances and offer a longer range than battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In the industrial sector, it serves as a cleaner alternative. In power generation, it produces electricity by using the green hydrogen to power vehicles and equipment.

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Challenges and Limitations

Although renewable hydrogen offers numerous benefits over traditional fossil fuels, it also presents various challenges and limitations that require attention. The cost of production emerges as one of the most significant hurdles. Despite the declining cost of producing clean hydrogen, it still remains more expensive than conventional fossil fuels. This has an impact on viable market entry for the time being, but technological advancements are making green hydrogen a much more viable option.

The lack of infrastructure for producing, storing, and transporting hydrogen poses a challenge. Although there are some hydrogen refueling stations for FCEVs, they remain relatively rare compared to gasoline stations. Furthermore, the limited capacity for storing hydrogen can make it challenging to use in industrial processes or power generation.

Future of Green Hydrogen Production and its Implications

Clean hydrogen production is looking bright despite the challenges. As the world seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and limit the effects of climate change, people are increasingly viewing clean hydrogen as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Technological advancements in clean hydrogen production are driving down the cost of production, making it more competitive with fossil fuels. Additionally, governments and private companies are already investing heavily in clean hydrogen production, which is expected to drive further innovation and advancements in the field.

The shift towards green hydrogen production has significant implications. As more industries and applications adopt clean hydrogen, it has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions and pave the way for a more sustainable energy future.

Investment Opportunities in Green Hydrogen Production

The growing interest in green hydrogen production presents many investment opportunities in the field. Companies involved in clean hydrogen production, such as electrolyzer manufacturers or renewable energy companies, are likely to experience significant growth in the coming years. Furthermore, investors can explore opportunities in hydrogen fuel cell technology, which powers FCEVs and other applications.

Conclusion: A Key to Sustainable Energy Future

The potential in green hydrogen production presents many investment opportunities in the field. Companies involved in clean hydrogen production, such as electrolyzer manufacturers or renewable energy companies, are likely to experience significant growth in the coming years. Furthermore, investors can explore opportunities in hydrogen fuel cell technology, which powers FCEVs and other applications.

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The ground test was conducted on an early concept demonstrator using green hydrogen created by wind and tidal power. It marks a major step towards proving that hydrogen could be a zero carbon aviation fuel of the future and is a key proof point in the decarbonisation strategies of both Rolls-Royce and easyJet.

Rolls-Royce AE 2100 Engine !

The Rolls-Royce AE 2100 is a turboprop developed by Allison Engine Company, now part of Rolls-Royce North America. The engine was originally known as the GMA 2100.

While Saab 2000 Turboprop used the GMA 2100 in 1989 , Lockheed Martin and Alenia used the AE 2100 for its C-27J Spartantactical airlifter In June 1997. 

General Performance Using Aviation Turbine Fuel :

• Maximum power output : 4,637 shp (3,458 kW).
• Overall pressure ratio : 16.6:1
• Air mass flow : 36 lb/s (16.3 kg/s)[16]: 83–84 .
• Specific fuel consumption : Takeoff: 0.460 lb/(hp⋅h) (0.209 kg/(hp⋅h); 0.280 kg/kWh).
• Power-to-weight ratio : 2.76 shp/lb (4.54 kW/kg).

Both companies have set out to prove that hydrogen can safely and efficiently deliver power for civil aero engines and are already planning a second set of tests, with a longer-term ambition to carry out flight tests.

The test took place at an outdoor test facility at MoD Boscombe Down, UK, using a converted Rolls-Royce AE 2100-A regional aircraft engine. Green hydrogen for the tests was supplied by EMEC (European Marine Energy Centre), generated using renewable energy at their hydrogen production and tidal test facility on Eday in the Orkney Islands, UK.

Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Grant Shapps, said :

“The UK is leading the global shift to guilt-free flying, and today’s test by Rolls-Royce and easyJet is an exciting demonstration of how business innovation can transform the way we live our lives.

“This is a true British success story, with the hydrogen being used to power the jet engine today produced using tidal and wind energy from the Orkney Islands of Scotland – and is a prime example of how we can work together to make aviation cleaner while driving jobs across the country.”

Grazia Vittadini , Chief Technology Officer, Rolls-Royce, said :

“The success of this hydrogen test is an exciting milestone. We only announced our partnership with easyJet in July and we are already off to an incredible start with this landmark achievement. We are pushing the boundaries to discover the zero carbon possibilities of hydrogen, which could help reshape the future of flight.”

Johan Lundgren, CEO of easyJet, said: “This is a real success for our partnership team. We are committed to continuing to support this ground-breaking research because hydrogen offers great possibilities for a range of aircraft, including easyJet-sized aircraft. That will be a huge step forward in meeting the challenge of net zero by 2050.”

Following analysis of this early concept ground test, the partnership plans a series of further rig tests leading up to a full-scale ground test of a Rolls-Royce Pearl 15 jet engine.

The partnership is inspired by the global, UN-backed Race to Zero campaign that both companies have signed up to, committing to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050.

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Provaris Energy has announced that its 26,000m3 compressed hydrogen carrier (H2Neo) has been reviewed, verified and approved by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).

This showed that the company’s H2 tank can be incorporated into its H2Neo Carrier.

This is a world’s first achievement and is a critical milestone approval. It has arrived after having undergone extensive Front End Engineering Design (FEED) work and review activities by the ABS. According to a recent news release issued by Provaris, “It confirms that our innovative and cost-effective multi-layered hydrogen tank can be incorporated into our H2Neo Carrier and meets the requirements for Ship Classification.”

The company will next be moving ahead along their world-scale H2 shipping journey. As such, they intend to build and test a prototype compressed hydrogen tank and ready themselves for ship construction at certain shipyards.

The ABS testing of the compressed hydrogen carrier speaks to the design, construction and safety.

ABS is among the largest and best recognized Classification Societies focused on excellence in design and construction as well as ship safety.

“The success of our FEED design stage and corresponding approval milestone is the result of extensive design and engineering works by Provaris’ team of discipline experts and consultants that have actively contributed to the development of Provaris’ innovative H2Neo hydrogen
carrier,” said Per Roed, Chief Technical Executive Officer at Provaris. “Through our close collaboration with ABS throughout this three-year process, we are confident that our compressed hydrogen carriers can safely and effectively establish the maritime transportation of hydrogen at a time when storage and transport remain key to unlocking markets with ambitions for hydrogen imports at scale from 2026.”

“ABS recognizes the potential that hydrogen shows in supporting a sustainable, lower carbon future, added Patrick Ryan, Senior Vice President of Global Engineering and Technology at ABS in a recent statement about the compressed hydrogen design approval. “Safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen at sea will be critical to the development and viability of the global hydrogen value chain. We have been working closely with Provaris, initially granting AIP in 2021 and subsequently reviewing their comprehensive FEED level package for the H2Neo.”

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The EU member states are currently in the process of dynamic changes related to the energy transformation and the decarbonisation of the European economy. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the key fuels in the EU’s energy transformation.

Now, the gas transmission systems operators (TSOs) are moving in good collaboration from European Hydrogen Backbone (EHB) vision to action. On December 14, 2022 TSOs from six EU countries signed a cooperation agreement on a cross border project, Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor.

The European TSOs Gasgrid Finland (Finland), Elering (Estonia), Conexus Baltic Grid (Latvia), Amber Grid (Lithuania), GAZ-SYSTEM (Poland) and ONTRAS (Germany) have signed a cooperation agreement to develop hydrogen infrastructure from Finland through Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland to Germany to meet the REPowerEU 2030 targets.

The TSOs have initiated a project called Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor that will strengthen region’s energy security, reduce the dependency of imported fossil energy and play a prominent role in decarbonising societies and energy-intensive industries along the corridor.

It also has significant potential to contribute to the EU’s greenhouse gas emission reduction target by replacing today’s fossil-based production and fossil fuel consumption in industry, transport sector, electricity and heating, with these based on new renewable fuel, i.e., green hydrogen.

Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor supports diversification of energy supplies, and accelerated roll-out of renewable energy allowing in particular for achieving the EU target of 10 million tonnes of domestic renewable hydrogen production by 2030.

The corridor can transport green hydrogen produced in the Baltic Sea area to supply consumption points and industrial clusters along the whole corridor, as well as in central Europe.

In addition, when the hydrogen infrastructure develops further around the Baltic Sea, a strong market for hydrogen can be created enabling access to abundantly available and competitive renewable energy resources.

The project strongly supports EU hydrogen strategy and REPowerEU plan. In addition, the Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor will support several regional and EU climate targets, such as the EU Green Deal, Fit for 55 package.

Going forward

Taking into account the complexity of the project, project partners take proactive steps toward project implementation. In 2023, during the first phase of the project development, the project partners will conduct a pre-feasibility study.

Based on the pre-feasibility study recommendations, a decision on continuation of the project development would be made. Following phases in the project would include engineering and permitting phase, construction and commissioning.

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A new Emergen Research hydrogen fuel cell market analysis showed that the market size reached $4.26 in 2021 and is predicted to achieve a 22.8 percent CAGR from that year through until 2030, the end of the forecast period.

Rising demand for the zero-emission technology as backup power is the market’s primary driver.

Hydrogen fuel cell-based backup power is being adopted to an increasing degree by data centers due to their zero carbon emissions, high efficiency, and reliable power performance. The Emergen Research report points to this trend as a primary driver for revenue growth in this market throughout the length of their forecast period.

Energy centers are increasingly looking to the technology as an energy cost-saving opportunity to decrease the amount of wasted energy when power is generated. Furthermore, their reliability as a power source means that they can be confident there will be continuous power for extended period of time if needed. This is a critical feature for data centers, which require a reliable power source to ensure smoother operations.

Several organizations have been adopting hydrogen fuel cell backup power sources for their data centers.

Last August, Microsoft tested fuel cells as backup power for its own data centers, calling the test a success when the tech performed precisely as hoped. This showed the technology giant – and other companies around the world – the potential for replacing conventional diesel-powered generators with practical, zero-carbon emission equipment that offered a considerably more practical experience than what batteries could have provided. In fact, at that time, Microsoft director of data center research Sean James called it their equivalent to a “moon landing.”

Last February, NorthC, a data center company from the Netherlands announced that it was replacing its backup power generators at its Groningen facility to equipment powered by green hydrogen. This, according to the company, represented a first for data centers in Europe.

The NorthC backup system consists of a 500KW hydrogen fuel cell module that is expected to reduce the location’s diesel consumption by tens of thousands of liters of diesel per year. This will also avoid the production of about 78,000 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions per year.

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Due to the recent spike in gas prices, green hydrogen made with renewable energy is currently cheaper to produce than grey hydrogen made from natural gas, according to London-based analytics company icis.

ICIS calculated that the price of grey hydrogen reached highs of £6 per kilogram (kg) in the UK in early October, an increase from £1.43/kg in April. Meanwhile, the price of green hydrogen under a renewable energy power purchase agreement (PPA) of £45 per megawatt hour (MWh) has remained constant, at £3.39/kg.

Blue hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is even more expensive than grey hydrogen due to the added costs of CCS, the analysis states.

This price correlation extends to Europe, says ICIS. “Gas and power prices have surged across the continent, therefore any [renewable] PPA-derived hydrogen around the region we modelled would likely be competitive now.”

Although the price of blue and grey hydrogen would fall with a drop in the cost of natural gas, the price volatility seen this year highlights the risks of continuing to rely on imported fossil fuels for Europe’s energy, the analysis concludes.

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